2024 ESG Report FINAL - Report - Page 16
Climate Solutions Should be
Ef昀椀cient -EV Mandates are Not
We are often asked by stakeholders about EV mandates and how liquid transportation fuels compared with EVs in
terms of performance, affordability and environmental impacts.
EV charging infrastructure is lagging and requires costly changes in existing power grids.
• Achieving the EPA’s demand of widespread EV adoption is estimated to cost around $1 trillion in grid updates by
2035.31
• Fewer than 10% of American consumers consider current EV charging infrastructure to be suf昀椀cient.32
• Estimates show that it could take $55 billion to meet charging needs, but the current U.S. Administration has
only set aside $7.5 billion.33
Renewable diesel is a drop-in fuel and can result in lower life cycle GHG
emissions than EVs. It is 100% compatible with existing diesel engines, so
no new infrastructure is needed.
Light-Duty Vehicle Emits Fewer
Emissions than an Electric Vehicle34
Diesel Engine with Renewable Diesel
Outperforms Battery Electric Vehicle34
(U.S. light-duty vehicle life cycle emissions)
(U.S. heavy-duty long-haul vehicle life cycle emissions)
2022 Southwest Research Institute Study
Tons CO2
g CO 2 / mile
300
2022 Southwest Research Institute Study
"Zero emissions"
vehicles are not zero emissions
1, 6 0 0
1, 4 0 0
250
1, 2 0 0
200
1, 0 0 0
150
800
60% fewer emissions
than an EV after 1,000,000
miles traveled
600
100
400
50
200
0
0
Battery Electric
Vehicle
Electricity/
Fuel Emissions
Diesel Engine with
Renewable Diesel
(waste oil based)
Battery Electric
Vehicle
Embedded
Emissions
The amount of critical minerals used in one battery
electric vehicle could be used to make 6 plug-in
hybrid electric vehicles or 90 hybrid electric vehicles.
The overall carbon reduction of those 90 hybrids over
their lifetimes is 37 times as much as a single battery
electric vehicle.35
16
Embedded Emissions 500,000 Miles
(zero miles traveled)
Traveled
1 Battery Electric
Vehicle
1,000,000 Miles
Traveled
Diesel Engine with
Renewable Diesel
6 Plug-in Hybrid
Electric Vehicles
90 Hybrid Electric
Vehicles
