Applying Racial Equity to U.S. Federal Nutrition Assistance Programs - Flipbook - Page 83
303 Butcher, Kristin F., and Diane Whitmore Schanenbach.“Most Workers in Low-Wage
Labor Market Work Substantial Hours, in Volatile Jobs.” Center on Budget and Policy
Priorities. July 2018. https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/most-workers-in-lowwage-labor-market-work-substantial-hours-in-volatile
304 “Optimizing Summer and Afterschool Meal Service.” No Kid Hungry, Share Our
Strength and Center for Best Practices. http://bestpractices.nokidhungry.org/sites/default/
files/download-resource/Optimizing%20Summer%20and%20Afterschool%20Meal%20
Service.pdf
305 “Healthy Food Financing Initiative.” U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. Office of Community Services. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ocs/programs/community-economic-development/healthy-food-financing
306 “Case Study: HFFI and Entrepreneurs of Color.” The Food Trust. http://thefoodtrust.org/what-we-do/administrative/hffi-impacts/hffi-impacts-case-studies/entrepreneurs-of-color
307 “Case Study: California.” The Food Trust. http://thefoodtrust.org/what-we-do/administrative/hffi-impacts/hffi-impacts-case-studies/california
308 “Case Studio: Ohio.” The Food Trust. http://thefoodtrust.org/what-we-do/administrative/hffi-impacts/hffi-impacts-case-studies/ohio
309 “Special Report: HFFI Impacts: The Nationwide Success of Healthy Food Financing
Initiatives, A Proven, Economically Sustainable Solution.” The Food Trust. http://thefoodtrust.org/what-we-do/administrative/hffi-impacts
310 “The Transit Affordability Crisis: How Reduced MTA Fares can help Low-Income
New Yorkers Move Ahead.” Community Service Society. April 2016. https://b.3cdn.net/
nycss/7169ea001b71493ce9_lvm6b2ptw.pdf
311 Rosenthal, Tracy Jeanne. “Gentrification is Killing Transit.” Press Reader. February
2018. https://www.pressreader.com/usa/los-angeles-times/20180220/281698320225025
312 Goodman, David J. “Leaders Poised to Provide Discounted MetroCards to
Low-Income New Yorkers.” The New York Times. June 2018. https://www.nytimes.
com/2018/06/07/nyregion/nyc-subway-metrocard-fair-fares-subsidize.html
313 Muni Lifeline Pass. City and County of San Francisco Human Services Agency.
https://www.sfhsa.org/services/jobs-money/working-families-credit-wfc-program/muni-lifeline-pass
314 “Promotional Flyer: Enroll now in the Transit Assistance Program (TAP).” Metro
Transit. https://www.caphennepin.org/files/6415/0705/2608/TAP_flyer_verifications_english_NEW_9_28_17.pdf
315 “How It Works: Using Fresh Bucks to Make Your SNAP Dollars Go Further Is Easy!”
Fresh Bucks Webpage. January 2019. http://freshbucksindy.com/how-it-works/
316 Nutrition Assistance. Fresh Farm Webpage. January 2019. http://freshfarm.org/
nutrition-assistance.html
317 “The Impact of Prenatal WIC Participation on Infant Mortality and Racial Disparities.” National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health. April 2010.
318 “The Strategy to Improve Birth Outcomes in Baltimore City.” City of Baltimore,
Health Department of Baltimore, MD, Care First Blue Cross Blue Shield, and the Family
League of Baltimore City, Inc. April 2009. http://www.healthybabiesbaltimore.com/
uploads/file/pdfs/SIBO%20Strategy%202009.pdf
319 Ibid.
320 “Infant Mortality Statistics and Research.” B’More ofr Healthy Babies. Webpage.
January 2019. http://www.healthybabiesbaltimore.com/about-bhb/infant-mortality-statistics-and-research
321 Dusheck, Jennie. “Clear connection between canned food consumption and BPA
exposure.” Stanford Medicine. June 2016. https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2016/06/29/
clear-connection-between-canned-food-consumption-and-bpa-exposure/
322 Feeding Ourselves: food access, health disparities, and the pathways to healthy
Native American communities.” Report prepared by Echo Hawk consulting.
Commissioned by the American Heart Association and Voice for Health Kinds.
2015. https://nebula.wsimg.com/891e74d1afe847b92abe87b2a1df7c63?AccessKeyId=2EF8ECC329760AC5A98D&disposition=0&alloworigin=1
323 Ibid.
324 Diabetes was not common among Indigenous communities due to their healthy diet.
In fact, as late as 1930s, scientist still did not find high rates of diabetes. More on this can
be found in this source: Gail King, Type II Diabetes, the Modern Epidemic of American
Indians in the United States, The University of Alabama College of Arts and Sciences.
Also see: Hill MA (1997) The diabetes epidemic in Indian country. Winds of Change,
American Indian Science and Engineering Quarterly, Summer:26-31.
325 “Feeding Ourselves: food access, health disparities, and the pathways to healthy
Native American communities.” Report prepared by Echo Hawk consulting.
Commissioned by the American Heart Association and Voice for Health Kinds.
2015. https://nebula.wsimg.com/891e74d1afe847b92abe87b2a1df7c63?AccessKeyId=2EF8ECC329760AC5A98D&disposition=0&alloworigin=1
326 Mary’s Center. Webpage. January 2018. https://www.maryscenter.org/about-us
327 Interview during site visit. July 2018. Mary’s Center, Georgia Avenue Location.
Washington DC.
328 To read the policy packet: http://files.bread.org/institute/simulation/
Racial-Wealth-Gap-Policy-Packet.pdf?_ga=2.6233009.305012378.1548264984339457765.1537390536
To do the simulation, click here: http://www.bread.org/library/racial-wealth-gap-learning-simulation
329 “Race and Retirement Insecurity in the United States.” The National Institute on Retirement Security. Nari Rhee, PhD. December 2013. https://www.giaging.org/documents/
NIRS_Report_12-10-13.pdf
330 “The Concentration of Poverty is a Growing Rural Problem.” Tracey Farrigan and
Timothy Parker. United States Department of Agriculture. December 5, 2012. https://
www.ers.usda.gov/ amber-waves/2012/december/concentration-of-poverty/
331 “Fact Sheet: Hunger and Poverty in Puerto Rico.” Bread for the World. March 2019.
https://www.bread.org/sites/default/files/hunger-poverty-puerto-rico-march-2019.pdf
332 Ibid.
333 Receipt of SNAP in the last 12 months by race. American Community Survey 1-Year
Estimates. Table B220003. Table B220005, versions B, C, E, H, and I. Bread used this
data instead of the USDA Food Insecurity Report to be consistent with calculations across
all racial groups.
334 Female headed household data for Indigenous people and Native Hawaiians
was found using this source: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF
FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER
18 YEARS BY AGE OF RELATED CHILDREN. Table B17010C and B17010E.2017
American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates
335 Ibid.
336 Prime aged adults are adults between the ages of 18-49.
337 Based on previous analysis in 2001 from the Urban Institute and 2018 analysis from
Bread for the World Institute confirm that more and one third of prime aged adults
without dependents live in poverty. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/6
1286/310269-Prime-Age-Adults-without-Children-or-Disabilities.PDF Bread for the World
analysis based on POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF UNRELATED
INDIVIDUALS 15 YEARS AND OVER BY SEX BY AGE Universe: 2017 American
Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B17007.
338 Ibid. Urban Institute.
339 This group of people is usually referred to as ABAWDS (Able Bodied Adults without
Dependents). We made a conscious choice not to use this language because ABAWDS is
a loaded term that assumes a great deal about people’s ability to work and willingness to
work—and then uses these assumptions to justify both denying them access to nutrition
assistance and ignoring other structural issues that create barriers to finding work.
340 https://www.scribd.com/document/333743025/Helping-Moms-Dads-Kids-ComeHome-Eliminating-barriers-to-housing-for-people-with-criminal-records
341 A Pilot Study Examining Food Insecurity and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Individuals Recently Released from Prison. National Institute of Health. April 2013. www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3733343/pdf/nihms469405.pdf
342 Couloute, Lucius, and Daniel Kopf. “Out of Prison & Out of Work: Unemployment
among formerly incarcerated people.” Prison Policy Initiative. July 2018. https://www.
prisonpolicy.org/reports/outofwork.html
343 “Equality and Diversity in Service Provision.” Inclusive HR. January 2018. http://
inclusivehr.com/services/equality-and-diversity/equality-and-diversity-in-service-provision/
344 Ibid.
345 “Trust Land.” National Congress of American Indians. http://www.ncai.org/policy-issues/land-natural-resources/trust-land
346 Ibid.
347 Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations. Knowledge Platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs
348 Sustainable Development Goal 1: End Poverty in All Its Forms Everywhere.” United
Nations. Knowledge Platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg1
349 Sustainable Development Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.” United Nations. Knowledge Platform.
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg2
350 Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations. Knowledge Platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs
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