Applying Racial Equity to U.S. Federal Nutrition Assistance Programs - Flipbook - Page 82
257 See Rothstein, Richard. “The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America.” 2017.
258 See the Racial Wealth Gap Learning Simulation Policy Packet for more on the
denial and stripping of wealth via racially-discriminatory policies and practices.
http://files.bread.org/institute/simulation/Racial-Wealth-Gap-Policy-Packet.pdf?_
ga=2.251237958.1371993833.1548336641-807619079.1510159699
259 Read page 90-91 on job segregation by race and gender in the 2018 Hunger Report.
“The Jobs Challenge.” Bread for the World Institute. April 2018. http://d1w64so4kzmym9.
cloudfront.net/institute/report/2018-hunger-report.pdfhttp://d1w64so4kzmym9.cloudfront.
net/institute/report/2018-hunger-report.pdf
260 Read page 37 on poor water and living conditions in 2018 Hunger Report. “The Jobs
Challenge.” Bread for the World Institute. April 2018. http://d1w64so4kzmym9.cloudfront.
net/institute/report/2018-hunger-report.pdf
261 “Maternal mortality in the United States: a human rights failure.” Contraception Journal.
Volume 83, Issue 3, pages 189-193. March 2011. https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/article/
S0010-7824(10)00685-2/pdf
262 Infant Mortality and American Indians/Alaska Natives. U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services. Office of Minority Health. May 2019. https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/
browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=38
263 Infant Mortality and African Americans. U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. Office of Minority Health. May 2019. https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.
aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=23
264 “Infant Mortality and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders.” U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services. Office of Minority Health. https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.
aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=83
265 “Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System.” Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm
266 Rothstein, Richard. “The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government
Segregated America.” 2017.
267 “Preconception care: Maximizing the gains for maternal and child health.” World Health
Organization. Policy Brief. http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/preconception_care_policy_brief.pdf
268 Hoffman, Kelly M., Sophie Trawalter, Jordan R. Axt, and M. Norman Oliver. “Racial
bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites.” Proceeding of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America. April 2016. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/30/1516047113
269 Ibid.
270 Josefson, Deborah. “Pain relief in US emergency rooms is related to patients’ race.”
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. National
Institutes of Health. January 2000. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1128742/
271 “When race matters: disagreement in pain perception between patients and their
physicians in primary care.” National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National
Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health. May 2007. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/17534011
272 Almerico, Gina M (2014). Food and Identity: Food Studies, Cultural and Personal Identity. Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies Volume 8 – June, 2014
273 Kittler, P.G., Sucher, K.P., & Nelms, M.N. (2012). Food and culture (6th ed.). Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth.
274 “Indigenous Peoples’ Food Systems & Well-Being: Interventions & Policies for Healthy
Communities.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment. 2013. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3144e/
i3144e.pdf
275 Floyd, Felicia, and Brenda Reyes. “First Food Justice: A Revolutionary Act.” National
First Food Racial Equity Cohort. Race Forward Conference workshop. Cobo Center, Detroit,
MI. November 10, 2018.
276 Perez, Miriam Zoila. “#TBT: ‘Granny Midwives’ of the South.” Colorlines. Race Forward. March 2019. https://www.colorlines.com/articles/tbt-granny-midwives-south
277 “The story of the granny midwives, who birthed untold numbers of babies in the rural
South.” Vimeo Webpage. https://vimeo.com/211012543
278 Floyd, Felicia, and Brenda Reyes. “First Food Justice: A Revolutionary Act.” National
First food Racial Equity Cohort. Race Forward Conference workshop. Cobo Center, Detroit,
MI. November 10, 2018.
279 Ibid.
280 “Infant mortality: Narrowing the gap.” Kendall-Tckett, Kathleen A. American Psychological Association. January 2015. https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/indicator/2015/01/
infant-mortality.aspx
82
281 “Removing Barriers to Breastfeeding: A Structural Race Analysis of First Food Analysis.”
Center for Social Inclusion. https://www.centerforsocialinclusion.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CSI-Removing-Barriers-to-Breastfeeding-REPORT-1.pdf
282 School Meals: Afterschool Snacks.” U.S. Department of Agriculture. Food and Nutrition
Service. August 2017. https://www.fns.usda.gov/school-meals/afterschool-snacks
283 “Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations Regional Vendor Pilot Assessment.”
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). Final Report. March 2016. https://fns-prod.azureedge.net/
sites/default/files/ops/FDPIRRegionalVendorPilot-Entire%20Report.pdf
284 Ibid.
285 “Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations.” United States Department of Agriculture. Food and Nutrition Service. Nutrition Program Fact Sheet. January 2018. https://
fns-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/fdpir/pfs-fdpir.pdf
286 “The Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations.” Native American Nutrition
Conference Workshop. Mystic Casino, Prior Lake, Minnesota. November X, 2018.
287 “Native American leaders hail 2018 Farm Bill as a ‘historic milestone’ for Indian
Country.” Native Farm Bill Coalition. Char-Koosta News: The Official News Publication of
the Flathead Indian Reservation. December 2018. http://www.charkoosta.com/news/nativeamerican-leaders-hail-farm-bill-as-a-historic-milestone/article_8eb469c8-0a18-11e9-94d527635469b5ac.html
288 “Nutrition Assistance Block Grants (NABG).” U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://
fns-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/NABGP_Quick_Facts.pdf
289 “Examination of Cash Nutrition Assistance Program Benefits in Puerto Rico.” U.S.
Department of Agriculture: Food and Nutrition Service. August 2016. https://www.fns.usda.
gov/snap/examination-cash-nutrition-assistance-program-benefits-puerto-rico
290 Site under construction. https://www.dcca.gov.mp/cnmi-nutrition-assistance-program
291 Shabazz, Sakeena and Jeanie Donovan. “SNAP Keeps Louisiana Strong and Healthy
During Difficult Times.” Loyola University of New Orleans, Jesuit Social Research Institute
Congressional Hunger Center. February 2017. http://www.loyno.edu/jsri/sites/loyno.edu.jsri/
files/SNAP%20Final%20Report.compressed.pdf
292 “Asset Limits, SNAP Participation, and Financial Stability.” Commissioned by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture. Prepared by the Urban Institute. Research Report. June 2016.
https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2000843-asset-limits-snap-participation-and-financial-stability.pdf
293 Ganong, Peter and Jeffery B. Liebman. “The Decline, Rebound, and Further Rise in
SNAP Enrollment: Disentangling Business Cycle Fluctuations and Policy Changes.” White
Paper: University of Chicago, Harvard University, and NBER. April 2017. https://cpb-us-w2.
wpmucdn.com/voices.uchicago.edu/dist/1/801/files/2018/08/ganong_liebman_snap_2017-2247xvdj.pdf
294 “Asset Limits, SNAP Participation, and Financial Stability.” Commissioned by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture. Prepared by the Urban Institute. Research Report. June 2016.
https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2000843-asset-limits-snap-participation-and-financial-stability.pdf
295 Gamblin, Marlysa D. “Mass Incarceration: A Major Cause of Hunger.” Bread for the
World Institute. Briefing Paper. February 2018. http://www.bread.org/sites/default/files/downloads/briefing-paper-mass-incarceration-february-2018.pdf
296 “50 State survey: SNAP Drug Felony Bans.” The Network for Public Health Law. Supported by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. https://www.networkforphl.org/_asset/6zvbla/
SNAP--Drug-Felony-Bans-Chart.pdf
297 A Pilot Study Examining Food Insecurity and HIV Risk Behaviors among Individuals
Recently Released from Prison. National Institutes of Health. August 2015. https://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3733343/pdf/nihms469405.pdf
298 “Work Requirements in Social Safety Net Programs: A Status Report of Work Requirements in TANF, SNAP, Housing Assistance, and Medicaid.” Urban Institute. Research
Report. 2017. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/95566/work-requirements-social-safety-net-programs_4.pdf
299 “SNAP Work Requirements Fact Sheet.” National Conference of State Legislatures. May
2018. www.ncsl.org/research/human-services/snap-work-requirements-fact-sheet.aspx
300 Ibid.
301 Rep. Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-Del), said that many SNAP recipients face legitimate
obstacles to enrolling in employment and training programs, which have been previously
implemented in her state. Some of the barriers include reliable transportation, low housing
security and shifting child care schedule. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/
wp/2018/04/12/gop-proposes-stricter-work-requirements-for-food-stamp-recipients-a-step-toward-a-major-overhaul-of-the-social-safety-net/?utm_term=.347b4d9c2c1c
302 Bivens, Josh, and Shawn Fremstad. “Why punitive work-hours tests in SNAP and
Medicaid would harm workers and do nothing to raise employment.” Economic Policy
Institute. Report. July 2018. https://www.epi.org/files/pdf/151107.pdf
APPLYING RACIAL EQUITY TO U.S. FEDERAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS: SNAP, WIC AND CHILD NUTRITION
