Desalination & Reuse Handbook - Flipbook - Page 62
IDA
WATER SECURITY
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Since 2010, industry has overtaken agriculture as the largest user of reused wastewater by installed capacity for the first time, and
industrial wastewater reuse now accounts for just over a third of global installed reuse capacity. This has been driven almost entirely by
industrial reuse capacity in China, which accounts for almost 75% of contracted industrial reuse capacity. The market for wastewater
reuse in agricultural irrigation is much more mature and dispersed, with capacity in Israel, Mexico, Spain, the USA and China making
up around half of the total contracted since 2010, both in the form of greenfield projects and brownfield upgrades.
There is a short list of truly vast water reuse facilities treating upwards of 1 million m3/d of wastewater for use in agriculture or industry in
Egypt, Mexico and China. The 1 million m3/d Gabal al Asfar WWTP in Egypt and 2 million m3/d Atotonilco WWTP in Mexico use media
filtration and chlorination to treat wastewater for agricultural uses. A similar 1 million m3/d WWTP at Al Mahsama in Egypt was also
awarded to Metito in 2018. Meanwhile in China, the 1 million m3/d Gaobeidian and 1.28 million m3/d Changzhi plants in Beijing and
Shanxi Province use the same treatment train for industrial purposes. The latter, which produces cooling water, is part of a comprehensive
water management facility developed by Sembcorp, and also features 38,400 m3/d in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) capacity.
Industrial water demand is a key driver of desalination technologies in wastewater reuse as industrial requirements for high-quality
process water grows. China and the USA are the largest adopters of wastewater reuse in industry, with restrictions on industrial
wastewater discharge introduced under the Water Ten Plan in China driving significant growth in ZLD technologies in China in
particular. ZLD rulings for highly polluting industries such as textiles & tanneries and ethanol distilleries are also hotly debated at
the moment. Indian environmental regulations and the Clean Ganga Mission are gathering momentum, while regulations from the
Ministry of Power mandate power plants to use treated municipal wastewater if a suitable treatment plant is located within 50 km of the
power station.
Annual contracted desalination and reuse capacity by technology, 2010–2018
5
SW/BW desalination
Triple barrier reuse
Tertiary reuse
Other reuse
Capacity (million m3/d)
4
3
2
1
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2017
2016
* 2018 data is forecasted
end of year figure
2018*
Source: GWI DesalData / IDA
See p.55 for treatment technology definitions
Global distribution of installed tertiary and triple barrier reuse capacity, 2010-2017
Tertiary treatment
Installed capacity by country, 2010-2017 (million m3/d)
China
10.28
Spain 1.02
Mexico
2.06
U.S.
1.55
Israel 0.54
UAE
1.31
ROW
5.74
India 0.65
Egypt 0.52
Triple barrier
Installed capacity by country, 2010-2017 (million m3/d)
China
2.45
U.S.
0.75
Spain
0.66
India 0.35
Australia
0.64
Qatar
0.94
ROW
0.88
Singapore 0.48
Source: GWI DesalData / IDA
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