5 Exposure limits in the UKMuch of the regulatory frameworkrelevant to welding and alliedprocesses aims to protect the healthof workers by keeping their exposureto hazardous substances withindefined limits. These limits are knowngenerally as exposure limits.If the concentration of a substance inthe workplace is below the exposurelimit, then that substance is beingadequately controlled. Of course, theworkplace concentration must bemeasured in an appropriate way;the reference here is EN/ISO 10882,Health and Safety in welding andallied processes - Sampling of airborneparticles and gases in the operator'sbreathing zone, Part 1: Sampling ofairborne particles and Part 2: Samplingof gases.In the UK, the levels of pollutants towhich exposure must be controlledare known as Occupational ExposureLimits (OELs). Most OELs are expressedas concentrations in air, measured inmg/m³.There are two kinds of OELs:Occupational Exposure Standards(OESs) and Maximum ExposureLimits (MELs). Both are given in HSEpublication GN EH40/02, OccupationalExposure Limits 2002, and its annualupdates, available from HSE Books(www.hsebooks.co.uk).exposure to the substance by inhalationdoes not exceed the OES, or, where theOES is exceeded, the employer identifiesthe reason for this and takes stepsto remedy the situation as soon asreasonably practicable.MELs are set for substances whichmay cause the most serious healtheffects, such as cancer and occupationalasthma, and for which safe levels ofexposure either cannot be defined orcannot reasonably be achieved.If a substance has an MEL, control isonly considered adequate if the levelof exposure by inhalation is as low asreasonably practicable, and in any casebelow the MEL.In UK health and safety law, carryingout a duty "so far as is reasonablypracticable" involves balancing thedegree of risk for an activity against thetime, trouble, cost and physical difficultyof avoiding or reducing that risk. Thegreater the risk, the more likely it is thatit is reasonable to go to the trouble orexpense of preventing or reducing it.Both OESs and MELs are measured asaverage values over defined periodsof time, rather than as instantaneousvalues. The resulting average valuesare said to be time-weighted averages(TWAs).An OES is a level that, based on currentscientific knowledge, will not damagethe health of workers exposed to it, byinhalation, day after day.Long term exposure limits (LTELs) areTWAs measured over 8 hours. Thistechnique is used to measure andcontrol substances or concentrationswhich cause harmful effects followingchronic exposure.For any substance that has an OES,control is considered adequate ifShort term exposure limits (STELs)are usually averaged over 15 minutes,14
It seems that your browser's pop-up blocker has prevented us from opening a new window/tab. Please click the button below to open the link manually.
Unfortunately an error occurred - please try again.