NLT Study Bible - Gospel of John - Flipbook - Page 48
John 18:28
1809
18:16-18
//Matt 26:69-70
//Mark 14:66-68
//Luke 22:55-57
18:18
Mark 14:54, 67
18:19-24
//Matt 26:59-68
//Mark 14:55-65
//Luke 22:63-71
18:19
farchiereus (0749)
Acts 5:27
18:20
Matt 26:55
John 7:26
18:22
John 19:3
18:23
Matt 5:39
Acts 23:2-5
18:24
Matt 26:3
18:25-27
//Matt 26:71-75
//Mark 14:69-72
//Luke 22:58-62
18:27
John 13:38
18:28-38
//Matt 27:1-2, 11-14
//Mark 15:1-5
//Luke 23:1-5
told the other Jewish leaders, “It’s better that
one man should die for the people.”
15Simon Peter followed Jesus, as did an
other of the disciples. That other disciple
was acquainted with the high priest, so he
was allowed to enter the high priest’s court
yard with Jesus. 16Peter had to stay outside
the gate. Then the disciple who knew the
high priest spoke to the woman watching at
the gate, and she let Peter in. 17The woman
asked Peter, “You’re not one of that man’s
disciples, are you?”
“No,” he said, “I am not.”
18Because it was cold, the household ser
vants and the guards had made a charcoal
fire. They stood around it, warming them
selves, and Peter stood with them, warming
himself.
22Then one of the Temple guards stand
ing nearby slapped Jesus across the face. “Is
that the way to answer the high priest?” he
demanded.
23Jesus replied, “If I said anything wrong,
you must prove it. But if I’m speaking the
truth, why are you beating me?”
24Then Annas bound Jesus and sent him
to Caiaphas, the high priest.
Peter’s Second and Third Denials
John 18:25-27 // Matt 26:71-75 // Mark 14:69-72 //
Luke 22:58-65
25Meanwhile,
as Simon Peter was standing
by the fire warming himself, they asked
him again, “You’re not one of his disciples,
are you?”
He denied it, saying, “No, I am not.”
26But one of the household slaves of the
The High Priest Questions Jesus
high priest, a relative of the man whose
John 18:19-24; cp. Matt 26:57-68 // Mark 14:53-65 //
ear Peter had cut off, asked, “Didn’t I see
Luke 22:63-71
19Inside, the f high priest began asking Jesus you out there in the olive grove with Jesus?”
27Again Peter denied it. And immediately a
about his followers and what he had been
20
teaching them. Jesus replied, “Everyone rooster crowed.
knows what I teach. I have preached reg Jesus’ Trial before Pilate
ularly in the synagogues and the Temple, John 18:28-38a // Matt 27:1-2, 11-14 // Mark 15:1-5
// Luke 23:1-5
where the people gather. I have not spoken
in secret. 21Why are you asking me this 28Jesus’ trial before Caiaphas ended in the
question? Ask those who heard me. They early hours of the morning. Then he was
taken to the headquarters of the Roman
know what I said.”
Jesus’ Trial and Crucifixion (John 18:1–
19:27; see also Matt 26:47–27:26;
Mark 14:43–15:15; Luke 22:47–23:25).
After Jesus was arrested in GETHSEMANE,
he was taken to the HOUSE OF CAIAPHAS
the high priest. There the Jewish leaders decided to send him to Pilate (at the
PRAETORIUM) to sentence him to death
(18:28). Pilate sent Jesus to Herod (at
the PALACE OF ANTIPAS?), who questioned
Jesus and sent him back (Luke 23:6-12).
Then Pilate sentenced Jesus to be crucified (19:16). Regarding the location of
GOLGOTHA, see note on 19:17; see also
illustration of Jerusalem in Jesus’ time,
p. 1753.
18:15 That other disciple is unnamed,
but was probably the “disciple Jesus
loved” (13:23)—John, the author of this
Gospel.
18:16-17 During Jesus’ interrogation
by Annas (18:12-14, 19-24), the woman
watching at the gate asked Peter if
he was one of that man’s disciples. In
contrast to Jesus, who stood up to his
questioners and denied nothing, Peter
quickly denied his link to Jesus three
times (18:17, 25, 27).
18:19 The high priest began asking
Jesus questions, but his inquiry was
contrary to Jewish legal procedure. In
Jewish court, the priest did not ask
questions directly of the defendant, but
accumulated evidence from witnesses
to establish guilt (see Num 35:30; Deut
17:6; 19:15; cp. Matt 18:16). If Jesus
said anything incriminating, Annas
would later use it to testify against
him at Jesus’ trial. He was attempting
to follow Roman practice by making
Jesus incriminate himself, rather than
gathering evidence through witnesses
as Jewish law demanded.
18:20-21 Jesus’ sharp answer,
r eminding Annas that everything was in
the public record, unmasked the priest’s
attempt to follow Roman practice.
18:20 people: Literally Jewish people;
also in 18:38.
18:22-23 When Jesus reminded Annas
of correct judicial procedure, one of the
Temple guards viewed it as insolence
and slapped Jesus. However, Jesus knew
the law and represented it truthfully.
No witnesses were accusing him, and
no evidence was being presented.
18:24 Annas was at an impasse—his
probing had been unsuccessful. So he
sent Jesus to Caiaphas to be prosecuted
before the Sanhedrin, Jerusalem’s judicial high council (see Mark 14:53–15:1).
18:25-27 He denied it: Peter’s three
denials were later echoed when Jesus
invited him three times to reaffirm his
love (21:15-17).
18:28 The trial before Caiaphas ended
in the early hours of the morning. Since
they did not have the power of capital
punishment (18:31), the Sanhedrin
needed to enlist Pilate, the Roman governor, to carry out an execution. the
headquarters of the Roman governor:
Greek the Praetorium; also in 18:33. it
would defile them: They did not want
to become ritually unclean by contact
with Gentiles in Pilate’s headquarters.
