Objects only worn by malesObjects worn on the head:Plate 56a: KBA – worn by ngwa kwalanglanga, ngwa yiye and bak zalikaKba – helmet worn for war, traditional dances and funerals. Madeof sorrel fibre, plaited/woven inside, the outside is cotton weave,and ram’s beard for plumage. War helmets were part of the dresscode during dzum zugune and were worn by the ngwakwalanglanga, the ngwa yiye and the bak zalika.Plate 56b: KWATAMA – worn by men anticipating dzum zuguneKwatama – headdress made of cow- or bull-hide. Decoratedwith beads, a knob on top and a circular rope about the head.Two flaps on the side and small flaps on the back. Was wornby keen young men who had not yet started dzum zugunewhile dancing at the place Sarara. The rope difirfira (a) wentaround kwatama.Objects worn over neck, chest and shoulders:Plate 57a: HAMTIWE – worn by ngwa hamtiweHamtiwe – several branches of leaves of the hamtiwe plant (aVitaceae variety), with the fruits hanging over the chest, wereworn around the neck by the first stage initiates of dzum zugunecalled ngwa hamtiwe, meaning they were wearing hamtiwe. Theyalso wore ropes of speargrass weed (tharɗe), and crotal bells(khwa khwa) around the waist (see Plate 57b and 57c). See theillustrations of the two additional objects below for more detail.375
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