balancebombom prospekt paperturn - Flipbook - Side 21
the directional tasks displayed on a screen
as quickly as possible, with the directions
displayed at random. A total of 3 tests were
performed, at intervals of 5 s, with the third
test used for results.
The test results are used to determine a total
score (LOS-Overall) and test completion time
(LOS-Time). The higher the total score and
shorter the completion time, the better the
ability of the subjects to transfer the centre of
gravity. (3) ADL test: Subjects stand with both
feet on the platform, with the body centre of
gravity and bulls eye coinciding. During the
test, the subject is asked to maintain the natural standing centre of gravity without moving
while keeping eyes closed. The Overall score
for static stability of both feet (ADL-Overall)
is recorded12).
BS4 test
With subjects seated on the Biodex device,
and the angle between the back and seat
maintained at 90°, the right leg is attached to
the power arm, and the thigh is fixed to the
seat. Before starting the actual test, the subjects perform warm-up exercises. The passive
isokinetic mode is set at an angular velocity of
60°/s, and the dynamometer drives the knee
during passive warm-up; the exercise is performed 30 times, followed by the actual test
after 5 minutes of rest. (1) Passive position
sense test (PS): The knee joint was passively
set to 15°/45° from 90° (Definition: the knee
flexion position is 90° and extension is 0°).
The position was held for 5 s to allow the
participants to feel the position of the knee
joint in the relaxed state. The subjects moved
passively to 30/60°, and pressed a button. The
dynamic head moves the knee from flexion
to extension. Repeated tests are carried out
3 times at each angle, at an angular velocity
for passive motion of 5°/s. The absolute error
between the target value and the test value
is taken as the test value14). (2) Force sense
(FS): The torso and dominant thigh are fixed
to the test chair, to remove the compensatory
for movement of other body parts, with the
centre of knee rotation and the dynamometer on a straight line. Test patterns for the
isometric strength test are performed. The
maximum voluntary isometric contraction
(MVIC) was tested at 15° and 45° (defined as
0° for the extensor). Maximum isometric flexion and extension muscle strength were tested
at each knee joint angle, with test times of 5
s, and were tested 3 times, with 5 minutes of
rest between sets. The coefficient of variation
(CV) requires control less than 15%. After 30
minutes of rest, using 50% MVIC as the target
force value, the strength of the knee joint was
assessed by visual feedback of the target force
on the computer screen. Subjects were then
asked to close their eyes and reproduce the
target Quadriceps and Hamstring force value
and the measured value was recorded. The
peak torque (PT) of the Quadriceps/Hamstring, the ratio of antagonistic (Q/H), and
the absolute error of the difference between
the target force value and the measured force
were recorded. Testing was performed 2
times15).
SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used for
analysis of the test parameters, and the
parameters were analysed using Pearson’s
correlation coefficient. All test indexes are expressed as mean ± standard deviation; p
