balancebombom prospekt paperturn - Flipbook - Side 20
Table 1
Mechanoreceptors
Location
Adaptation
Function
Pacinian corpuscles
Skin, Joint capsule,
Ligaments
Quick
High frequency
vibration
Ruffini endings
Skin, Joint capsule,
Ligaments
Slow
Joint pressure
Unmyelinated free nerve
endings
Ligaments, Related
muscles
Slow
Joint pain
Golgi tendon organ
Joint capsule,
Ligaments, Tendons,
Slow
Reflex
Muscle spindle
Muscle
Slow
Stretch reflex
Quick adaptation means that maximal impulses are
observed immediately after stimulation, followed by
a rapid decline. These receptors are important for
sensing sudden movements, or acceleration or deceleration of a joint at the beginning or end of a motion.
Slow adaptation means that a significant response or
impulse is generated over a period of time with continued stimulation. These receptors function to signal
change in position or actual joint position.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Twenty-four female college students were
randomly selected from Beijing Normal
University, with aged 22.2 ± 2.8 years, height
163.8 ± 6.0 cm, and weight 53.3 ± 6.9 kg. All
subjects in this experiment voluntarily, and
had no significant medical conditions or knee
injuries.
This study comply with the ethical standards
of the Declaration of Helsinki (1975, revised
1983). Beijing Normal University Ethics
Committee has approved the studies and
written informed consent has been obtained
from each subject.
All experiments were performed in the
Beijing Normal University School of Physical
Education and Sport Biomechanics Laboratory. Testing involved the knee on the dominant
20
side. A balance testing system (Biodex Balance System, BBS; Biodex Medical Systems,
USA) and an isokinetic muscle testing system
(Biodex System 4, BS4) were used for measurements. The BBS system includes an angle
sensor and foot position detection platform,
for use in the Athlete Double Leg support
stability test (ADL), Athlete Single Leg (ASL)
test, and Limits of Stability (LOS) test.
BBS test
Before starting the actual test, subjects stand
on the platform, to become familiar with the
testing process. (1) ASL test: The test platform
is set at static level, with the subject placing
all weight on the right leg, placing hands naturally on the sides, and moving the right foot
to screen black centre; the right leg position
coinciding with the bulls eye is recorded and
input into a computer. The subject is instructed to maintain, with eyes closed, the centre
of gravity, for a test time of 20 s, and the test
is repeated 3 times13). (2) LOS test: With
the horizontal platform set at static level, the
subjects stand with both feet on the platform;
when the body centre of gravity and bulls
eye coincide, the foot position and angle are
recorded. The subjects are asked to complete
