balancebombom prospekt paperturn - Flipbook - Side 19
Correlation among proprioception, muscle strength, and balance
Phys Ther Sci. Huihui Wang, 2016 Dec; 28(12): 3468–3472. | Published online 2016 Dec 27.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5276784/
Neuro-muscular
spindles
Tendon organs
Joint
position
Joint sensor
Spinal-reflex
Central somato-sensory
integration
Cognitive
programming
Muscle
Postural
control
Brain stem
balances
Skin sensor
Vestibular
receptors
Body
position
Cerebellar
processing
Visual
receptors
Fig. 1. Postural control system
Anterior cruciate ligament injury in the
elderly or athletes requires exercise or anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to
improve balance ability; experimental methods proven to improve balance ability involve
knee proprioception, increased knee extensor and flexor muscle strength, or improved
stretch ratio in the flexor muscles7,8,9,10).
However, Robert8) tested perception of
passive movement in 11 patients with ACL
injury and found no significant differences
among ACL injury side and the contralateral knee and a control group when postural
control ability is decreased. In some patients
whose motion perception level decreased,
conscious increases in hamstring muscle
strength compensated for the inadequacy
of the position control ability after an ACL
injury. Alfieri1) showed that subjects with
12 weeks of multi-sensory training showed
significant decreases in the centre of gravity
of the movement area, increased power, and
peak torque strength, compared with subjects
who performed muscle strength training;
however, the result did not explain why multi-sensory training is the most effective means
of improving human balance ability.
Balance ability testing includes many components, such as static postural stability (postural stability, PS), dynamic posture stability limits (limits of stability, LOS), and dynamic fall
risk (dynamic fall index, DFI). Proprioception
testing methods mainly include motion perception, position perception, and force sense
tests11, 12). Table 1 is a detailed explanation
of the basic principles of body sensation9).
Most studies only assessed the improvement
of balance ability, and few articles reported
on the relationship among lower limb muscle
strength and various body sensory and balance tests. Therefore, this study analysed the
correlation among different test methods for
knee joint muscle strength, body sensation or
proprioception, and posture balance.
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