الإنتاج البحثي لأعضاء هيئة التدريس بالكلية V.8 - Flipbook - Page 194
markers and telomere length in aging elite athletes.
Methods: In this study, 80 blood samples from consenting elite athletes were collected for antidoping analysis at an anti-doping laboratory in Italy (FMSI). Participants were divided into three
groups according to their sport intensity: low-intensity skills and power sports (LI, n = 18);
moderate-intensity mixed soccer players (MI, n = 31); and high-intensity endurance sports (HI, n
= 31). Participants were also divided into two age groups: less than 25 (n = 45) and above 25 years
old (n = 35). Serum levels of 10 pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and two antioxidant enzymes
were compared in age and sport intensity groups and telomere lengths were measured in their
respective blood samples.
Results: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was the only cytokine showing significantly higher
concentration in older athletes, regardless of sport intensity. Interleukin (IL)-10 increased
significantly in HI regardless of age group, whereas IL-6 concentration was higher in the older HI
athletes. IL-8 showed a significant interaction with sport intensity in different age groups. Overall,
significant positive correlations among levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-8 and TNF-α were identified. The
antioxidant catalase activity was positively correlated with levels of TNF-α. Telomere length
increased significantly with sport intensity, especially in the younger group.
Conclusion: HI had longer telomeres and higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines,
suggesting less aging in HI compared to low and moderate counterparts in association with
heightened immune response. Investigation of the functional significance of these associations on
the health and performance of elite athletes is warranted.
(7) Sellami, M., Bragazzi, N. L., Aboghaba, B., & Elrayess, M. (2021). The Impact of Acute and
Chronic Exercise on Immunoglobulins and Cytokines in Elderly: Insights From a Critical Review
of the Literature. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.631873
The level of immunoglobulins and cytokines changes with an ageing immune system. This review
summarizes findings from studies that have examined the impact of acute and chronic exercise on
immunoglobulins and cytokines in the elderly. Our literature analysis revealed that acute endurance
exercise resulted in increased secretory salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), while acute bouts of
muscle strengthening exercise (i.e., isokinetic, eccentric, knee extensor exercise) increased
plasma/muscle interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Chronic
exercise in the form of short-term endurance training (i.e., 12-16 weeks) and long-term combined
endurance and resistance training (i.e., 6-12 months) induced increases in salivary SIgA
concentration. We additionally identified that short-term endurance training at moderate intensities
and the combination of endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training increase plasma IL-10
and reduce plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in healthy elderly adults and male patients with chronic heart
failure. Strength training for 6-12 weeks did not alter plasma IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α
concentration in healthy elderly adults and patients with chronic-degenerative diseases, while 12
weeks of resistance training decreased muscle TNF-α mRNA in frail elderly individuals. Shortterm (i.e., 10-24 weeks) moderate- to high-intensity strength training reduced LPS-IL-6, LPS, IL1β, LPS-TNF-α and circulating concentrations of TNF-α and increased IL-10 in healthy elderly
women and older people with cognitive impairment, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that
acute bouts of endurance exercise and short-term chronic exercise training exercise are appropriate
methods to enhance mucosal immune function, reduce systemic markers of inflammation, and
promote anti-inflammatory processes in elderly individuals.
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