الإنتاج البحثي لأعضاء هيئة التدريس بالكلية V.8 - Flipbook - Page 192
neuromuscular coordination, metabolic and cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, as well as
with psychological traits. Athletic phenotype is complex and depends on the combination of
different traits and characteristics: as such, it requires a "complex science," like that of metadata
and multi-OMICS profiles. Several projects and trials (like ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART,
GENESIS, and POWERGENE) are aimed at discovering genomics-based biomarkers with an
adequate predictive power. Sports genomics could enable to optimize and maximize physical
performance, as well as it could predict the risk of sports-related injuries. Exercise has a profound
impact on proteome too. Proteomics can assess both from a qualitative and quantitative point of
view the modifications induced by training. Recently, scholars have assessed the epigenetics
changes in athletes. Summarizing, the different omics specialties seem to converge in a unique
approach, termed sportomics or athlomics and defined as a "holistic and top-down," "nonhypothesis-driven research on an individual's metabolite changes during sports and exercise" (the
Athlome Project Consortium and the Santorini Declaration) Not only sportomics includes
metabonomics/metabolomics, but relying on the athlete's biological passport or profile, it would
enable the systematic study of sports-induced changes and effects at any level (genome,
transcriptome, proteome, etc.). However, the wealth of data is so huge and massive and
heterogenous that new computational algorithms and protocols are needed, more computational
power is required as well as new strategies for properly and effectively combining and integrating
data.
(3) Denham, J., & Sellami, M. (2021). Exercise training increases telomerase reverse
transcriptase gene expression and telomerase activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ageing Research Reviews, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101411
Telomeres protect genomic stability and shortening is one of the hallmarks of ageing. Telomerase
reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the major protein component of telomerase, which elongates
telomeres. Given that short telomeres are linked to a host of chronic diseases and the therapeutic
potential of telomerase-based therapies as treatments and a strategy to extend lifespan, lifestyle
factors that increase TERT gene expression and telomerase activity could attenuate telomere
attrition and contribute to healthy biological ageing. Physical activity and maximal aerobic fitness
are associated with telomere maintenance, yet the molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the influence of
a single bout of exercise and long-term exercise training on TERT expression and telomerase
activity. A search of human and rodent trials using the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and
Embase databases was performed. Based on findings from the identified and eligible trials, both a
single bout of exercise (n; standardised mean difference [95%CI]: 5; SMD: 1.19 [0.41-1.97], p =
0.003) and long-term exercise training (10; 0.31 [0.03-0.60], p = 0.03) up-regulates TERT and
telomerase activity in non-cancerous somatic cells. As human and rodent studies were included in
the meta-analyses both exhibited heterogeneity (I2 = 55-87%, p < 0.05). Endurance athletes also
exhibited increased leukocyte TERT and telomerase activity compared to their inactive
counterparts. These findings suggest exercise training as an inexpensive lifestyle factor that
increases TERT expression and telomerase activity. Regular exercise training could attenuate
telomere attrition through a telomerase-dependent mechanism and ultimately extend health-span
and longevity.
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