الإنتاج البحثي لأعضاء هيئة التدريس بالكلية V.8 - Flipbook - Page 143
د .اﻟﻌﻨﻮد ﻣﺒﺎرك آل ﺛﺎﻧﻲ
رﺋﯿﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ
أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ – ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ
alanood@qu.edu.qa
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-9873
7801308485
)(1
Background: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing around the world, the
interest in developing and validating screening instruments in the Arab countries is still in the initial
stage. The current study examined psychometric properties of a unidimensional 14-item screening
tool that was developed in Qatar to identify ASD infants and toddlers between the ages of 15 and 33
months. Methods: Rash analysis was carried out on a sample of 22,307 records of children who were
screened by this instrument. The analysis was done for two age groups: 15–24 months, and 25–33
months, and across two administration modes: paper and pencil, and electronic modes. Results: The
findings of the current study showed mixed results: some scale properties were good, whereas others
were poor. Almost all 12 items retained for the final form showed acceptable values for the infit and
outfit statistics and fulfilled the assumptions of local independence and unidimensionality for the two
groups of children and across the two administration modes. However, reliability and separation for
persons and items, and targeting of items to children along the autistic trait were not acceptable.
Moreover, low sensitivity and specificity asserted that ASD was not accurately identified in children.
Conclusions: The findings of the current study identified weaknesses in three areas: the small number
of items used to measure the autistic trait, the small number of response categories within each item,
and the low sensitivity and specificity of the instrument. Suggestions were provided to address these
weaknesses.
اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎھﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ
أن اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﯾُﺼﻨﻒ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺪراﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ دﻟﯿﻼ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯿﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﮫ ﻟﻠﻄﻼب واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﻘﺪم ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ 7
ﻓﺼﻮل ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺘﻮﺿﯿﺢ أﺳﺲ وﻣﻔﺎھﯿﻢ ﺑﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ وﺗﺨﺘﻢ ﺑﻤﮭﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮض اﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻤﻲ ﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﯾﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول أﺳﺲ وﻣﻔﺎھﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﯿﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻔﻜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ،اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ،اﻹﺳﻼم وﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ،ﻣﺼﺎدر
اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ،ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻤﻲ .ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻄﺮق إﻟﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ وأھﺪاف وأھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ وﯾﺨﺘﻢ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت
اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ وﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺼﺪق واﻟﺜﺒﺎت.
واﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﺸﺮح وﯾُﻌﺮف اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ وﯾﺒﯿﻦ أﺳﺲ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﺑﻠﻤﻮﻧﺖ واﻷﺳﺲ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻷﺧﻼﻗﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ .ﺛﻢ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﯾﺔ وﻧﺒﺬة ﻋﻢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻔﻜﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ دوﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ.
أﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﯿﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﻮات إﻋﺪاد اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ .ﯾﺒﺪا ﺑﺒﯿﺎن اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﻤﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،اﻹطﺎر
اﻟﻨﻈﺮي ،أھﺪاف وأھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻓﺮوض وﺗﺴﺎؤﻻت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،إﺟﺮاءات وﻣﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ ﻋﺮض وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ،اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ
واﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ ،ﺣﺪود اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ وأﺧﯿﺮا اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ واﻟﻤﻼﺣﻖ.
وﯾﺴﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻨﺎھﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﯿﻮﺿﺢ اﻷﺳﺲ اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﯿﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﺎھﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،اﻷطﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎھﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ،اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت
ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ .ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻄﺮق إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ ﻓﯿﺒﯿﻦ أﺳﺲ وإﺟﺮاءات ﻣﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻲ ،واﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﻌﺪي ،واﻟﻤﻨﮭﺞ
اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻹﺟﺮاﺋﻲ ،واﻟﻤﻨﮭﺞ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎطﻲ ،وﻣﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺴﺒﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرن ،واﻟﻤﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﯾﺒﻲ .ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎھﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻜﯿﻔﯿﺔ
ﻓﯿﻮﺿﺢ أﺳﺲ وإﺟﺮاءات ﻣﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﻲ ،وﻣﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻷرﺷﯿﻔﻲ ،وﻣﻨﮭﺞ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ،وأﺳﻠﻮب ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى ،واﻟﻤﻨﮭﺞ
اﻟﺴﺮدي ،واﻟﻤﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮي ،وﻣﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﺘﺄوﯾﻞ ،واﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮي اﻟﻈﺎھﺮي ،واﻟﻤﻨﮭﺞ اﻻﺛﻨﻮﺟﺮاﻓﻲ ،وأﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺬرة،
واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰﯾﺔ.
أﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻓﯿﺘﻨﺎول ﺷﺮح وﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ أداوت ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﯿﺒﺪأ ﺑﺒﯿﺎن اﻻﺳﺘﺒﯿﺎن ،واﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ،وﻣﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ ،واﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ،
واﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ
واﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﯾﺘﻨﺎول ﺷﺮح اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ،اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻌﺎت اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ وأھﻤﯿﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ وﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ،
اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺎري ،أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻨﺎول أﺳﺲ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ
ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ،ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ وﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﻘﻮة اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺛﺮ وﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺜﻘﺔ ،وﯾﺨﺘﻢ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ
اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ.
ﻣﻛﺗب اﻟﻌﻣﯾد اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﻟﺷؤون اﻟﺑﺣث واﻟدراﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﯾﺎ ﺑﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑﯾﺔ
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