الإنتاج البحثي لأعضاء هيئة التدريس بالكلية V.8 - Flipbook - Page 103
(5) Tredoux, C., Megreya, A. M., Nortje, A., & Kempen, K. (2023). Changes in the own group
bias across immediate and delayed recognition tasks. South African Journal of Science, 119(3/4).
https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/12126
Face recognition is biased in favour of in-group identity, particularly strongly for race or ethnicity
but to some extent also for sex and age. This ‘own group bias’ (OGB) can have profound
implications in practical settings, with incorrect identification of black suspects by white witnesses
constituting 40% of criminal exonerations investigated by the Innocence Project. Although authors
have offered several explanations for the OGB in face recognition, there is little consensus, apart
from the acknowledgement that the bias must reflect perceptual learning history. One matter that
is not currently clear is whether the bias occurs at encoding, or at retrieval from memory. We report
an experiment designed to tease out bias at encoding, versus bias at retrieval. Black and white South
African participants encoded 16 target faces of both the same and other race and gender, and
attempted immediately afterward to match the target faces to members of photograph arrays that
either contained or did not contain the targets. After a further delay, they attempted to identify the
faces they had encoded from memory. Results showed a strong crossover OGB in the delayed
matching task, but an asymmetrical OGB at retrieval (only white participants showed the OGB).
Further investigation of recognition performance, considering only images correctly matched in the
delayed matching task, showed a narrowly non-significant OGB at retrieval, but the investigation
was likely not sufficiently powered to discover the effect, if it exists.
(6) Alomari, M. A., Megreya, A. M., Hadi, S., & Haddad, M. (2023). The mitigating role of
physical activities on emotions is gender-specific: An experience during “lenient” COVID-19
prevention
protocols. Health
Care
for
Women
International,
44,
1002–
1018. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2023.2181963
The researchers examined emotional status subsequent to changes in physical (PA) and sedentary
(SA) activities during “lenient” COVID-19 prevention protocols that allowed being outdoors.
Emotions, PA, and SA were collected from 272 women and 145 men in Qatar. The researchers
showed a decrease (p < 0.05) in PA and an increase (p < 0.05) in SA participation during the
pandemic. These alterations were different (p < 0.05) between genders and associated (p < 0.05)
with emotional status during the COVID-19-induced confinement, but only (p < 0.05) in men. The
“mitigating” role of PA for the adverse emotional effects of the pandemic is demonstrated,
especially among men. Therefore, “lenient” regulations should be considered around the globe
during future pandemics for adequate PA and emotional wellbeing. However, plans should
incorporate additional tactics to PA to manage emotional status among women.
(7) Megreya, A. M., Alrashidi, M., & Al-Dosari, N. F. (2022). Evaluating self-reported
psychopathy and associations with personality traits outside the WERID countries: evidence from
two Arabic speaking Middle Eastern countries. Mental Health, Religion & Culture.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2021.1999401
The prevalence, manifestation and assessment of psychopathy might be influenced by culture.
However, the vast majority of research on psychopathy has been carried out in a few Western,
Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) countries. In contrast, there is limited
knowledge in the Middle Eastern Arabic speaking countries for psychopathy. A large sample of
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