Climate Solutions Should beEf昀椀cient -EV Mandates are NotWe are often asked by stakeholders about EV mandates and how liquid transportation fuels compared with EVs interms of performance, affordability and environmental impacts.EV charging infrastructure is lagging and requires costly changes in existing power grids.• Achieving the EPA’s demand of widespread EV adoption is estimated to cost around $1 trillion in grid updates by2035.31• Fewer than 10% of American consumers consider current EV charging infrastructure to be suf昀椀cient.32• Estimates show that it could take $55 billion to meet charging needs, but the current U.S. Administration hasonly set aside $7.5 billion.33Renewable diesel is a drop-in fuel and can result in lower life cycle GHGemissions than EVs. It is 100% compatible with existing diesel engines, sono new infrastructure is needed.Light-Duty Vehicle Emits FewerEmissions than an Electric Vehicle34Diesel Engine with Renewable DieselOutperforms Battery Electric Vehicle34(U.S. light-duty vehicle life cycle emissions)(U.S. heavy-duty long-haul vehicle life cycle emissions)2022 Southwest Research Institute StudyTons CO2g CO 2 / mile3002022 Southwest Research Institute Study"Zero emissions"vehicles are not zero emissions1, 6 0 01, 4 0 02501, 2 0 02001, 0 0 015080060% fewer emissionsthan an EV after 1,000,000miles traveled6001004005020000Battery ElectricVehicleElectricity/Fuel EmissionsDiesel Engine withRenewable Diesel(waste oil based)Battery ElectricVehicleEmbeddedEmissionsThe amount of critical minerals used in one batteryelectric vehicle could be used to make 6 plug-inhybrid electric vehicles or 90 hybrid electric vehicles.The overall carbon reduction of those 90 hybrids overtheir lifetimes is 37 times as much as a single batteryelectric vehicle.3516Embedded Emissions 500,000 Miles(zero miles traveled)Traveled1 Battery ElectricVehicle1,000,000 MilesTraveledDiesel Engine withRenewable Diesel6 Plug-in HybridElectric Vehicles90 Hybrid ElectricVehicles
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